💨 Abstract

In mid-January 2025, over 1,000 emaciated miners emerged from two abandoned mine shafts in Stilfontein, South Africa, following Operation Vala Umgodi - a six-month-long police operation aimed to "smoke out" an informal mining workforce. The operation, which involved cutting off food and water supplies, was controversial and drew criticism for its brutal tactics.

Courtesy: theprint.in