💨 Abstract

The Income and Expenditure Survey (IES) 2022/23 by Statistics South Africa reveals that South African households spent an estimated R3 trillion on goods and services, with 76% going towards basic needs and essential services. The survey highlights significant economic disparities, showing that white-headed households earn nearly five times more than black African-headed households, putting female-headed and black households under immense financial pressure.

Courtesy: www.thesouthafrican.com

Summarized by Einstein Beta 🤖